![]() The medical history taken from each subject included previous illnesses, medications, and drug and alcohol consumption. Healthy volunteers were defined as follows: persons without known pre-existing conditions, no drug revenues, physical and mental health at the time of the investigation. We enrolled 324 healthy volunteers between March and August 2013. All subjects gave their written consent to participate in the study. The study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the local ethics committee. examined 35 patients and obtained a mean value of 1.40 m/s, but they also did not distinguish the different anatomical regions of the pancreas. published a normal value of 1.27 ± 0.29 m/s for pancreatic tissue, likewise in 52 healthy volunteers, although they made no distinction between the head, body, and tail regions. studied 52 healthy volunteers and determined values of 1.23 ± 0.34, 1.30 ± 0.34, and 1.24 ± 0.5 m/s for the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, respectively. Various other studies have examined healthy volunteers using the virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technology from Siemens (Acuson S2000, Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA). did not find any effects of age, gender, BMI, organ size, or waist circumference. In their recent study on 210 healthy volunteers, Xie et al. measured higher shear wave velocities in the head of the pancreas than in the body. found no differences in the pancreas due to gender in 127 subjects. Systematic investigations of the influence of factors such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), anatomical conditions, transducer frequency, respiration, and nutritional status on pancreatic measurements are somewhat limited. Compared with transabdominal elastographic procedures, however, EUS procedures are more invasive and technically more demanding. The great value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography in the investigation of the pancreas has been shown in recent studies. The value of pancreatic elastography in the assessment of cystic space-occupying lesions cannot be determined conclusively at the present time, as all the data come from just one research team. Two recent studies to detect solid pancreatic masses found clearly higher shear wave velocity in solid tumors of the pancreas than in the surrounding parenchymal tissue. More recent investigations to determine the degree of pancreatic fibrosis show promising results, however, also in the assessment of patients with cystic fibrosis. The findings of earlier transabdominal elastographic studies to detect acute or chronic pancreatitis are still conflicting. Elastographic methods have been used most extensively to investigate diffuse liver disease, and breast and thyroid tissues, while there are only limited data on transabdominal examination of the pancreas. A recent study shows that the various elastography methods seem to be comparable. At the present time, the available techniques are strain elastography, which demonstrates the tissue elasticity by external compression, and point shear wave elastography (p-SWE), single shot (VTIQ), 2D-SWE, and real-time (SSI technology). Further studies are required to examine the influence of other factors in larger populations.Įlastographic procedures allow us to determine the stiffness of tissues. ConclusionsĪRFI-VTQ is qualified for use on pancreatic tissue. Alcohol consumption and smoking did not have any significant effects. For BMI, there was a significant correlation with the values only when considering the BMI in continuous form. There were significantly higher values in all parts of the organ with the increasing age of the participants ( p < 0.0001). Comparison of gender showed that men have significantly lower mean values than women. The values determined with the curved array in the head of the pancreas were 1.44 ± 0.39 m/s for women and 1.19 ± 0.29 m/s for men in the body, the results were 1.49 ± 0.37 m/s for women and 1.26 ± 0.30 m/s for men in the tail, the corresponding values were 1.29 ± 0.36 m/s for women and 1.05 ± 0.30 m/s for men. The examination was performed with the Siemens Acuson S3000 (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), using the 6C1 curved array transducer with the virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) method. Of the 263 participants who met all the study inclusion criteria, 234 had successful measurements. The goal of the study was to examine the influence of gender, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, and smoking in healthy volunteers. A variety of elastographic techniques have been developed to facilitate the non-invasive assessment of tissue properties.
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